Azelaic acid yog ib tug ncaj- saw aliphatic dicarboxylic acid nrog cov mis molecular C₉H₁₆O₄ thiab ib tug txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm 188.22. Nws cov qauv qauv yog HOOC–(CH₂)₇–COOH; cov molecule nta ib pawg carboxyl ntawm txhua qhov kawg, txuas nrog lub hauv paus saw ntawm xya pawg methylene. Vim nws cov qauv molecular tsis tu ncua, azelaic acid nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntev -chain dicarboxylic acids thiab feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm chav tsev kub. Ob pawg carboxyl yog thawj qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov molecule thiab yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm azelaic acid tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg, azelaic acid muaj cuaj carbon atoms, kaum rau hydrogen atoms, thiab plaub oxygen atoms; ob lub pa oxygen atoms nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbonyl pawg ntawm carboxyl ua haujlwm, thaum lwm qhov ob yog ib feem ntawm pawg hydroxyl. Carboxyl pawg yog cov polar siab heev, muaj peev xwm tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog rau lwm pawg polar thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li acid-base neutralization thiab esterification. xya pawg methylene nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub molecule muaj tsawg polarity, imparting ib tug℃ntawm hydrophobicity rau lub molecule tag nrho. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pab pawg carboxyl thiab cov saw hlau ntev ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv reactivity.
Cov qauv molecular ntawm azelaic acid ho cuam tshuam nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Vim tias nws muaj cov carboxyl pawg ntawm ob qho kawg, nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua polycondensation nrog diols los ua cov polyesters lossis koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification nrog lwm cov hydroxyl - muaj cov khoom sib txuas los tsim ntau hom azelate esters. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm azelaic acid rau hauv cov qauv polymer qhia txog lub hauv paus methylene ntev uas txhim kho cov saw hlau molecular yooj, tso cai rau kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom tawv tawv, hloov tau, thiab qis - kub ua haujlwm raws li kev tsim qauv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv no pab kom siv cov azelaic acid ua cov khoom siv dicarboxylic acid hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer xws li polyesters thiab polyurethanes.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm azelaic acid feem ntau txhais tau los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus: pawg carboxyl ntawm ob qho kawg thiab cov roj carbon ntev hauv nruab nrab. Cov pab pawg carboxyl txiav txim siab nws qhov kev ua haujlwm siab, thaum lub sij hawm ntev carbon saw cuam tshuam rau molecular yooj, hydrophobicity, thiab cov khoom ua tau zoo. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, lub luag haujlwm txawv ntawm ob yam khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv los kho cov qauv molecular thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kawg los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj azelaic acid thiab nws cov kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov monomers. Yog li ntawd, azelaic acid pab tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug yooj yim tshuaj raw khoom, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug structural modifier nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm polymer cov ntaub ntawv.